the.com/calcrete

Desert soil that gave up and turned itself into rock.

means A hardened layer of soil or rock formed when calcium carbonate accumulates and cements sand, gravel, or soil particles together, typically in arid and semi-arid climates.

from A 20th-century blend coinage, fusing 'calcium' (or 'calcareous,' from Latin calx, meaning lime or limestone) with 'concrete.' The word was built by soil scientists and geologists who needed a term for this natural cementing process, borrowing 'concrete' precisely because the result behaves like the man-made material — hard, dense, and binding loose particles into a solid mass. It belongs to a family of similar geology terms (like 'silcrete' and 'ferricrete') that use the same '-crete' suffix to describe different mineral-cemented hardpans.

formation
calcium carbonate cements soil particles together over millennia
also called
caliche, kankar, depending on continent
farmer's enemy
can form impenetrable hardpan blocking root growth
bonus use
sometimes mined as low-grade building material
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