the.com/hardpan
the soil layer so stubborn roots and rainwater both give up arguing with it.
how it formsMinerals cement particles into a near-impermeable underground crust.
root killerPlant roots hit it and grow sideways in defeat.
flood makerWater can't drain through, so it pools above.
farmer's foeOften needs deep ripping by heavy machinery to break.
desert pavementCaliche hardpan can set harder than concrete underfoot.