the.com/sultanate

means A state or territory ruled by a sultan, whose authority typically combines political and sometimes religious power.

from Built from 'sultan,' an Arabic word originally meaning power or authority before it came to denote the ruler who holds it. The suffix '-ate' (from Latin, via French) turns the title into the territory or institution it governs — the same pattern that gives us 'caliphate' or 'emirate.' The word entered European languages as traders, diplomats, and chroniclers described the courts of Ottoman and other Islamic rulers.