the.com/causality

means The relationship between cause and effect, where one event brings about another as its direct result.

from From Latin 'causa' ('cause, reason'), via the adjective 'causalis', with the English suffix '-ity' bolted on to turn a quality into a noun. The word threads through medieval scholastic philosophy, where 'causa' was rigorously sorted into types (efficient, material, formal, final), before settling into modern usage through philosophers like Hume and Kant, who worried intensely about how we ever really know one thing caused another rather than just following it in time.