the.com/tuff

volcanic ash so committed to drama it fossilized mid-tantrum into stone

means A rock formed from volcanic ash and debris that has been compacted and cemented into a soft, porous stone.

from From the Italian 'tufo,' which came from Latin 'tofus' (or 'tophus'), the Romans' word for a soft, crumbly stone — the same root that gives us 'tufa,' tuff's calcium-carbonate cousin. The two spellings drifted apart over centuries, with 'tuff' settling onto the volcanic variety.

the recipe
compacted volcanic ash, welded by its own heat
easter island
most moai statues were carved from tuff
soft start
workable when fresh, hardens with age
roman favorite
ancient builders quarried it for entire cities
for instance

tuff cone craters oregon — crater lake formed from rhyolitic tuff eruption ~7,700 years ago in oregon

yellowstone caldera — massive welded tuff deposits from supervolcanic eruption 640,000 years ago in wyoming

cappadocia fairy chimneys — erosional formations carved from volcanic tuff in central turkey, inhabited since bronze age

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