the.com/singleton

The design pattern for commitment-phobes: exactly one instance, forever, no exceptions.

means A class designed so only one instance of it can ever exist in a running program, with a single global point of access to that instance.

from Borrowed from card games and math, where a 'singleton' means a set or group containing exactly one member — think a lone card of its suit in a bridge hand, or a mathematical set with a single element. Software engineers adopted the term directly: the Gang of Four's 1994 'Design Patterns' book gave it its famous programming meaning, naming the pattern after that same idea of 'a group of exactly one.'

origin
Named after sets with exactly one element
real use
Database connections, loggers, config managers
hidden cost
Secretly global state wearing a disguise
testing nightmare
Hard to mock, hard to reset between tests
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