the.com/criminology
the science of asking why we break the rules we wrote ourselves
means The scientific study of crime, criminals, and the social responses to lawbreaking, drawing on sociology, psychology, and law.
from A 19th-century hybrid: Latin 'crimen' (charge, accusation, offense — from 'cernere,' to sift or decide) bolted onto Greek '-logia' (the study of). The Italian jurist Raffaele Garofalo is usually credited with the term ('criminologia,' 1885), and the French scholar Paul Topinard with its early French form — the field crystallizing just as Europe grew obsessed with measuring and classifying the criminal.
- coined
- Italian jurist Raffaele Garofalo named it in 1885
- skull science
- early theory blamed crime on head bumps
- broken windows
- one shattered pane allegedly invites a whole crime wave
- dark figure
- most crime is never reported or counted
- CSI effect
- juries now expect TV-grade forensic proof
for instance
locard exchange principle — edmond locard's 1920s foundational criminology concept that every criminal leaves trace evidence at a crime scene