the.com/criminality

means The quality or state of being a crime — the legal status that makes an act punishable by the state, as opposed to merely shameful or unwise.

from From Latin 'criminalis' (relating to a charge or accusation), rooted in 'crimen' — a judicial accusation or charge, itself likely tied to 'cernere,' to decide or judge. So the word was born in the courtroom, not the conscience: it names what a judge rules against, which is exactly why 'criminal' and 'wrong' never had to mean the same thing.