the.com/component

A part small enough to swap, big enough to matter.

means One of the distinct parts that combine with others to make up a whole system or device.

from From Latin componere, 'to put together' — com- ('together') plus ponere ('to place'). The same root gives us 'compose' and 'composite,' all carrying that image of separate pieces being set side by side to form something unified.

engineering use
Any replaceable part, from resistors to rocket engines
software meaning
Self-contained code block reusable across different programs
chemistry sense
Each distinct substance in a mixture or solution
design principle
Good components hide complexity, expose only what's needed
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